DefinitionThese operations include addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, dot product, and cross product, and are used to perform tasks such as adding vectors together, subtracting vectors, scalar vector multiplication, dot product for dot product computation etc. in an effort to do vector manipulation in vector spaces. Example; a=⟨1,2⟩, b=⟨3,4⟩; (a.b)=1×3+2×4=11.